Monday, August 24, 2020

The Rights of Prisoners Essay Example for Free

The Rights of Prisoners Essay An individual indicted to invest energy in prison has become some portion of the approvals given in the general public so as to make and keep up harmony and request. Individuals who are exposed to be detained are called detainees and are dealt with uniquely in contrast to the remainder of the general public. There are a few purposes behind doing as such and the essential of which is the need to isolate the individuals who tend to act against the others. Nonetheless, it remains that the detainees are, and ought to be, given a few rights in spite of their condition and state since this is innate and is joined to them any place they go. To start with, the detainees remain their citizenship and keeping in mind that they are given a discipline as per the Constitution, these people are likewise stretched out the privilege to the assurances that are incorporated inside the equivalent. In article 10 of the International Covenant on Civil Rights and Political Rights, it is expressed that â€Å"All people denied of their freedom will be treated with mankind and with deference for the natural respect of the human person† (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights). While it is acknowledged that detainees must be put in prison and lose their freedom, the feeling of mankind and pride that is innately with them as an individual isn't lost. They merit the sort of treatment that they have as people and this incorporates their privileges as individuals. In like manner, the conferment of rights on detainees is viewed as a functioning reaction to the conditions and the earth which they live in (Swaaningen 139). Second, it is seen that â€Å"jail ought be about discipline, however about retraining and restoring prisoners† (BBC News). Detainees should at present be given their crucial rights with the goal for them to increase self-improvement that prompts their restoration and retraining. They must be given the key rights they obtained as an individual with the end goal for them to likewise be mindful and required for the moves they make. This is a stage that is required with the end goal for them to step into restoration and retraining for their selves. Be that as it may, this is constrained dependent on the necessities and states of the detainment facilities where they are put (Bergman-Barrett 545). Third, even the Supreme Court, the most elevated body in the legal branch, perceives the privileges of the detainees. This is apparent in the decision that they made in light of the contentions made by the Bush Administration that â€Å"enemy soldiers don't reserve an option to habeas corpus† (Los Angeles Times). The SC is firm in their choice that the detainees are given the rights that they have paying little mind to the violations submitted. Being a significant body in the legal executive, the voice of the SC is given a lot of weight in talking about whether the prisoners’ rights are perceived or not. Then again, there are contentions made against the arrangement of rights for the detainees. The reason for which originates from the wrongdoing that the detainees have submitted and the requirement for them endure discipline (Johns). Be that as it may, this just makes one wonder and doesn't look to determine the requirement for transforming the detainees. In like manner, it neglects to see the humanistic side of the issue and is additionally apparent of the deficiency of understanding the idea of human rights to be widespread.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Canadian v.s. American Healthcare System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Canadian v.s. American Healthcare System - Essay Example In Canada, the single layer social insurance framework appears to convey results, which are progressively positive, clarifying why individuals from general society have shown inclinations for it. There is a remarkable requirement for the two nations to furnish their residents with dependable access to quality social insurance just as preventive human services administrations. In any case, the multi-layer human services framework in the United States has introduced certain disservices that fill in as boundaries to the conveyance of value social insurance and access to medicinal services administrations when required. Then again, the single layer framework in Canada has gotten an evaluation for its decency and proficiency, guaranteeing that all the residents can approach social insurance administrations. This paper will contrast the Canadian medicinal services framework and the American human services framework. The paper will put accentuation on the way that the Canadian single layer framework is progressively viable and has a more attractive result than the American social insurance framework. There has been an expanding discussion over the expanding number of uninsured individuals in the United States. The American government tries to create procedures for decreasing the quantity of uninsured individuals and guaranteeing that each American approaches quality human services. Be that as it may, the changes made in the social insurance segment don't coordinate the effectiveness introduced by the Canadian single-level medicinal services framework. The United States works on a multi-layer social insurance framework. The multi-layer medicinal services framework relies totally upon business. Just a few layers of the medicinal services framework are government supported. The best suppliers of human services protection in the United States are privately owned businesses. Numerous pundits have depicted the American social insurance protection framework as exclusive. Then again, the Canadian human services framework is freely possessed. A nearby examination of the Canadian framework uncovers that it is an all inclusive protection inclusion offered by commonplace medical coverage plans. Both the government

Friday, July 24, 2020

100% Complete LinkedIn Profiles A Dilemma for Job Seekers

100% Complete LinkedIn Profiles A Dilemma for Job Seekers In my How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile webinar on June 22, 2012, delivered for ilostmyjob.com, an important question arose: If you are a job seeker, how should you complete the “current position” item in your profile? LinkedIn presents job seekers with a dilemma: The site requires an “up-to-date current position (with a description)” for a 100% complete profile (see Profile Completeness list on LinkedIn); and according to LinkedIn, 100% complete profiles are 40 times more likely to be viewed. But if you are a job seeker, you might not have a current position other than “job seeker.” Should you create a “filler” job description to be 100% complete? Or should you hope that 95%-or-so complete is enough? Adding to this dilemma is that recruiters, according to experts in the careers industry, do not like to see made-up job descriptions in the current position spot. They prefer for job seekers to call a spade a spade, i.e., leave the current position description blank if they are not employed. Resume and LinkedIn profile writers come down on multiple sides of this issue. There are upsides and downsides to all of these options; in the end, let the numbers (how many people find you, view your profile and contact you) guide your choice. Option #1 One camp says to put something in the current position field indicating you are a job seeker. You might give yourself a job title such as “Target position: VP Operations,” or “Seeking next opportunity as Graphic Designer.” You can then write a description of what you offer that adds to what you wrote in your Summary. In the company name field, you might enter “â€"“or “Seeking next opportunity.” Option #2 Some people recommend putting volunteer work as your current position, or your “job” as Manager of a LinkedIn group. I would not recommend either solution unless your volunteer or group manager work is close to full-time. There is a section you can add on LinkedIn called Volunteer Activities and Causes. That is the most appropriate spot in which to put your volunteer activities. Option #3 A third camp says to leave the current job description blank if you don’t have a job, and to complete as many parts of the profile as possible. If your profile is 95% complete, you should still do well in searches. The Essay Expert’s Recommendation You might want to try both Option #1 and Option #3. I wouldn’t recommend Option #2. The great thing about LinkedIn profiles is that you can always change them and do different things to see what works best for you. Try this: (1)       Write a current position that says, for example, “Target Position: General Manager, Automotive” or “Seeking Opportunities as Financial Analyst”  or “Program Manager   Candidate” and track how many people view your profile and how often you are appearing in search results (this information can be found on your home page in the right-hand column). (2)        If you are getting sufficient activity in your profile, great. Don’t change anything! If not, the first thing to consider is whether you have enough connections to appear toward the top of searches. I recommend having 500+ connections in order to reliably raise your ranking in search results and increase page views. (3)       If you have 500+ connections and your profile is still not getting enough attention, either change what you have in the “current position” section or make it blank for a month. Track your profile views and appearances in search results. (4)       Repeat Steps #2 and #3 until you get the results you want. There are more options than these of course. One place to get a sense of what might work is a QA on LinkedIn, begun by Executive Resume Writer Laura Smith-Proulx, which sheds some light on this question.   https://linkd.in/xDJhgq What strategies have been working for you? Please share your comments below. Or if you experiment with some of my suggestions, please report how it goes!

Friday, May 22, 2020

Biblical Worldview Of Christian Counseling - 911 Words

Biblical Worldview Christian counseling is based on faith, in God the Father, His son Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit; with the belief that mankind is created in the image of God. According to, Genesis 1:27 (NIV) â€Å"So God created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them.† With this being said, the worldview of the counselor will determine and lead them in all of the decision making process with the client. â€Å"Human beings are created in the image of God and thus possesses personality, self-transcendence, intelligence, morality, gregariousness, and creativity† (Alban Jr., 2012, p. 55). The counselor will function in these qualities as God has designed within the counseling sessions. Personality and Self-Transcendence For instance, while counseling with a client the counselor’s personality can make or break the client/counselor relationship. It is important for the counselor to create an environment for the client to feel safe and trusting of the counselor, just as Christ does for us. We are told in Romans 8:29 (NIV), â€Å"For those God foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brothers and sisters.† The counselor is continually being transformed into the image of Jesus Christ and so display the Fruit of the Spirit, Galatians 5:22-23 (NIV), â€Å"But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, forbearance, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, andShow MoreRelatedFree Essay Is a Scam1711 Words   |  7 Pagesperson as an aggregation of atoms, an open biochemical system in interaction with the environment, a specimen of homo sapiens, an object of beauty, someone who needs deserve my respect and compassion , a brother for whom Christ died. Myers believes Christians must appreciate the essential role of science in nuturing curiosity and humility. This will put a wrongheaded notion about existence to an empirical test. The levels-of-explanation view believes humans are best understood in terms of hierarchy ofRead MoreCrisis Intervention and Counseling: A Case Study1006 Words   |  4 Pageslawsuit, which helps mitigate the existential suffering related to his terminal illness. 6. Suggest several steps for that your client could be used to handle the crisis. (10 pts.) The client could have used a strong Christian community to help him handle the crisis. Christian counseling services would have offered a framework whereby the client could ask for forgiveness, contemplate the nature of sin, and find peace in his soul. Joining a church, establishing stronger social connections, and developingRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Family Therapy1629 Words   |  7 PagesCommunication in cultural diversity is one very important issue that families, couples, singles, Christian counselors, and therapists might encounter in their scope of practice. The book entitled, â€Å"Christian Counseling Third Edition: A Comprehensive Guide† by Gary R. Collins, Ph.D. main focus or purpose is staying undated by every revenue in the broadest areas of family counseling, the hospital, ethical data, society current issues, and religious views. The backgroundRead MoreA Reflective Paper On Integration852 Words   |  4 PagesReflective Paper: Integration There will come a day when facing a person who is suffering guilt or shame and their confession will then require a process for helping. The Spirit of Truth must be central in that decision and thus the use of Christian Psychology is my current integrative position. Historic Foundation Understanding human beings according to historic Christianity is a foundation of this view (Johnson, 2010 p. 155). There is evidence of psychology embedded in the wisdom of ScriptureRead MoreLearning Integration in My Counseling Courses782 Words   |  3 Pages I have been attending Emmaus Bible College for two years now and I have been taking many different courses. Before taking Counseling foundations I had never really thought about how I could integrate all my courses. What I mean is not separating each course into their own box not touching another but instead trying to incorporate all of my classes into each other, seeing how they affect or can affect each other. But after thinking about it for a while I came to the conclusion that if I believe thatRead MoreA Christian Worldview From Counseling Model1119 Words   |  5 Pagespaper will attempt to construct a Christian worldview from which counseling model will be developed. An assessment of basic skill will be conducted befor e bereavement is discussed. This paper seeks to offer some insight into Bereavement and Christian counseling. CHRISTIAN WORLDVIEW AND COUSELING MODEL Developing a Christian Worldview A worldview is a set of assumptions or presuppositions that an individual constructs to answer questions about life. Ones worldview is found at the center of theirRead MoreThe Transformational Psychology View, By Coe And Hall Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pagespsychology. It emphasizes the importance of openness towards experience, observation, and simply humanness. This approach encourages individuals to explore all the wisdom and opportunity that is out there, and come back from those experiences a deeper Christian and closer to God. It suggests that the more open we are to different experiences, the more we grow, the more we help others, and the more we can serve God. This view really makes it a point that we are our own limitation. We are the ones holdingRead MoreAdams vs Backus Chapian Essay1257 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity Counseling 507, Theology amp; Spirituality in Counseling Dr. Ben Omungu February 4, 2012 Theory Critique of Adams vs. Backus amp; Chapian: How to help people change by Dr. Jay E. Adams and Telling yourself the truth by Dr. William Backus and Marie Chapian. There are many views held among Christian counselors about how to Scripturally approach changing human behavior. For some who seek to base the motivation for change on Biblical grounds, an approach to counseling is geared towardRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Word Of God851 Words   |  4 PagesHumans and everything on this earth come from God and God, being God, is involved in His creations is the foundational doctrine for the entire Christian community. The bible directs us to this truth as God is speaking the earth and everything in it into existence, exhibiting there was nothing until He spoke, â€Å"And God said let there be light†. God then created man from the dust of the earth, and â€Å"breathed into his nostrils the breath of life and the man became a living being† (Genesis 1:1-2 NIV)Read MoreChristian Worldview Paper : I Am Today1398 Words   |  6 PagesChristian Worldview Paper To have a view, or way of thinking, about something, you must first have a combination of information and experiences. To have a worldview, you put together these pieces of information and experiences, and add on to it education, culture, personal background, and in some cases, religion. A Christian Worldview, or any worldview at that, is made of both positive and negative experiences: achievements, disappointments, celebrations, struggles, and grief. Who I am today

Thursday, May 7, 2020

Protecting Privacy and Securing the Nation in the 21st...

The idea of privacy protection for private citizens is rooted in history back to the Magna Carta. With the passage of time and the evolution of communication the laws of the United States have attempted to ensure a balance between security of the nation and protecting privacy. The current state of privacy and the law is now in a state of flux as citizens have begun to rely more and more on technological means of communication and have integrated privacy invading technology into their daily lives. It is not uncommon today for the average citizen to have all their conversations and movements tracked and stored into massive electronic databases simply because they carry a cell phone. The use of the internet as a means of communication and†¦show more content†¦This is for example how police can contact phone companies and quickly locate a person using the global positioning unit embedded in many new cell phones if that person is known to be engaging in illegal activity. The Fifth Amendment strengthens the protections given in the Fourth where it declares, â€Å"†¦nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.† However it has also been argued that â€Å"The Fourth and Fifth Amendments protect only against government infringements, and do nothing to control the collection and use of information by private bureaucracies.† (Solove 64). Here the main problem is that in many cases, the data stored by these private entities can be held for an extensive amount of time (Burstein 195). Couple this with the privatization of Government security work to companies such as Blackwater USA, which would be immune from Constitutional oversight. To combat this issue, The Electronic Communications Privacy Act of was created to add in protections that the Bill of Rights fails to address, and combat the problems associated with electronic informati on. This Act closed the loop to privacy intrusions by including â€Å"government, individuals, and private firms† from eavesdropping on electronic communications (Burstein 186). This act has been amended to keep up with technology, adding in protections for new technology as it is invented. However, thisShow MoreRelatedThe Purpose Of A National Cybersecurity Strategy1421 Words   |  6 Pagesnational consideration. The incidents that cause disruption of IT services and crucial infrastructures could disrupt the normal functioning of economy and society. For this reason, the cyberspace security is one of the serious challenges of the 21st century. Therefore, cyber security has been regarded as a strategic and horizontal national challenge that affects all levels of society (Rowe, B. R, 2012). The â€Å"national cyber security strategy† is a crucial tool used purposely to improve and safeguardsRead MoreThe Digital Revolution835 Words   |  4 Pagesinput from academia, State governments, international partners, and the Legislative and Executive Branches. Additionally, input was taken from both civil liberties and privacy communities. The review highlighted five key areas and findings for each. The key topics were: (1) leading from the top, (2) building capability for a digital nation, (3) sharing responsibility for cybersecurity, (4) refining information sharing and incident response, and (5) constructing the architecture of the future and encouragingRead MoreHr Field Of Human Resource Management1668 Words   |  7 PagesHR in the 21st century Introduction: As the business world journeyed into the 21st century, the traditional ways of handling many business aspects slowly drifted away. This â€Å"turn-of-the-century† brought a whole new way of how businesses operate and the departments within. These new ways of the business include the prominence of technology, the ongoing fight for diversity in the workplace, and expansion on globalization. Because these changes also effect the employees within the workplace, thisRead MoreThe New England Journal Of Medicine Essay1007 Words   |  5 Pagesaccounts. In the comparison of other countries, the current U.S. expenditure on healthcare is close to16 percent GDP the highest in the nation with Switzerland coming in next. Combined healthcare in the United states totals 2.5 trillion in 2009 and this number is expected to increase at a rate of 6.7 percent in the next 5 years. Healthcare Challenges in the 21st century Healthcare spending continues to be on the rise and has rose from $827 billion to $1.6 trillion and is predicted to double that inRead MoreThe Threat Of Cyber Security4382 Words   |  18 Pagesusers logging on every day (The Culturist, 2013).These days it takes merely minutes for news to travel around the globe. Our airwaves are filled with tiny nuggets of information whooshing past us undetected; that is, until it is detected. In the 21st century, cyber security is an international issue. The threat of cyber warfare is very real and would be devastating beyond any conventional weapon imaginable. With the entire globe becoming more interconnected, an attack on online infrastructure couldRead MoreThe Differences in Laws and Privacy in the United States and the European Union in Computer Security3054 Words   |  12 PagesIn Computer Security what are the differences in laws and privacy between United States vs. European Union? Do the laws that a society have in place deter com puter hacking or should we require to have better systems and technology to prevent such an attacks. In reviewing the US’s Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, and the changes that have been made to improve computer security in the private sector, to see if these enough to protect our systems from cybercrimes? Will the addition of the Aaron law toRead MoreCase: Chester Wayne Essay18738 Words   |  75 PagesSustainability Framework 21 Governance 26 Innovation 31 Stewardship 41 Engagement 50 External Recognition 51 About the Photographs SCOPE OF REPORT SCOPE OF REPORT Kodak is pleased to present our fifth annual Global Sustainability Report, as well as our 21st public report to include health, safety and environmental performance. 1 Issues Covered /Trends Kodak is continually evaluating our sustainability priorities and aligning our focus with our current business model. Through observation and participationRead MoreThe Growing Problem of White Collar Crimes in India19963 Words   |  80 Pageswelfare state are not implemented properly? Restrictions imposed on the ownership and the distribution of the national wealth run from the following provisions of our Indian Constitution :— â€Å"The state shall in particular direct its policy towards securing that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best to sub serve the common goods; that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and means of production toRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesLeadership . . . . . . . 332 Situational or Contingency Models of Leadership . . . . . 332 Fiedler’s Leadership Contingency Model . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Path-Goal Theory of Leadership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Leadership in the Twenty-First Century . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 The Leadership Challenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 Developing Leadership. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 15—Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesAnalytical Skills 25 Case 1: Work/Li fe Balance at Baxter 25 Working with a Team: Understanding Diversity Issues 25 Learning an HRM Skill: Guidelines for Acting Ethically 26 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 26 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: Invasion of Privacy? 9 WORKPLACE ISSUES: We Are Now Entering the Blogosphere 10 Workforce Diversity 10 The Workforce Today 10 DID YOU KNOW?: Chief Diversity Officer 11 How Diversity Affects HRM 11 WORKPLACE ISSUES: Diversity Awareness 12 What Is a Work/Life Balance?

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Nuclear Waste Management position at Ontario Free Essays

As a second year student at the University of Toronto, majoring in Environmental Science, I am excited to be applying to the Ontario Power Generation. This is an excellent opportunity to apply my knowledge and skills while gaining practical work experience and further understanding the science behind it. I believe that I would be a great fit given my background, thirst for experience, and never-ending enthusiasm, and I would appreciate the opportunity to contribute this company. We will write a custom essay sample on Nuclear Waste Management position at Ontario or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout my schooling, as a science student, I have had a great deal of practice in the raw technical skills needed in data management and handing dangerous materials. Laboratories hold a strict code of conduct for safety procedures, and expect quick and efficient work with little error. This has given me acute attention to detail, even with a time limit. My time spent in laboratories has also forced me to gain good understanding of Microsoft office suite and statistics, as many of the reports require manipulation and interpretation of mass amounts of data. Cooperation is also a necessary skill I have perfected in laboratories, as many are performed in pairs; however I also retain the ability to perform alone effectively, and complete my work independently. Also, as a science student, I have a good background understanding of the concepts behind nuclear waste management. In addition to a chemistry, physics, and the three main principles of concentrate and contain, dilute and disperse, and delay and decay, I also understand cultural perspectives and challenges of this field. Throughout my career I have been heavily involved in the community, which has given me a strong work ethic, and excellent interpersonal skills I own today . In High School, I was a part-time cashier, in a fast-paced environment , and in direct interaction with customers . Through this I developed the professionalism and customer service initiative needed to excel in a service job, as well as acute problem solving skills for everything from computer issues to customer complaints, and an efficient work ethic. Perhaps my favourite, and most rewarding experience, however has been my volunteer time at Habitat for Humanity. It was an opportunity to step outside of my comfort zone , and though the work was difficult at first, I kept with it, and was greatly rewarded . I have since maintained a proactive, hands-on, and enthusiastic attitude in all areas of my life, especially when facing new challenges. Both opportunities have also allowed me to understand, and seek that balance between hard work, and efficiency, while also reaping the benefits of teamwork, and companionship with one’s coworkers. I sincerely believe that my skill set and background would be an asset to Ontario Power Generation, and my enthusiasm and teamwork would fit perfectly in the fabric of this company. Thank you for your time and consideration, and I look forward to meeting you and discussing how I can become a part of the OPG team. How to cite Nuclear Waste Management position at Ontario, Essay examples

Monday, April 27, 2020

The War in Vietnam Essays (1721 words) - Vietnam War, Southeast Asia

The War in Vietnam Direct U.S. military participation in The Vietnam War, the nation's longest, cost fifty-eight thousand American lives. Only the Civil War and the two world wars were deadlier for Americans. During the decade of Vietnam beginning in 1964, the U.S Treasury spent over $140 billion on the war, enough money to fund urban renewal projects in every major American city. Despite these enormous costs and their accompanying public and private trauma for the American people, the United States failed, for the first time in its history, to achieve its stated war aims. The goal was to preserve a separate, independent, noncommunist government in South Vietnam, but after April 1975, the communist Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) ruled the entire nation. The initial reasons for U.S. involvement in Vietnam seemed logical and compelling to American leaders. Following its success in World War II, the United States faced the future with a sense of moral rectitude and material confidence. From Washingt on's perspective, the principal threat to U.S. security and world peace was monolithic, dictatorial communism emanating from he Soviet Union. Any communist anywhere, at home or abroad, was, by definition, and enemy of the United States. Drawing an analogy with the unsuccessful appeasement of fascist dictators before World War II, the Truman administration believed that any sign of communist aggression must be met quickly and forcefully by the United States and its allies. This reactive policy was known as containment. In Vietnam the target of containment was Ho Chi Minh and the Vietminh front he had created in 1941. Ho and his chief lieutenants were communists with long-standing connections to the Soviet Union. They were also ardent Vietnamese nationalists who fought first to rid their country of the Japanese and then, after 1945, to prevent France from reestablishing its former colonial mastery over Vietnam and the rest of Indochina. Harry S. Truman and other American leaders, having no sympathy for French colonialism, favored Vietnamese independence. But expanding communist control of Eastern Europe and the triumph of the communists in China's civil was made France's war against Ho seem an anticommunist rather than a colonialist effort. When France agreed to a quansi- independent Vietnam under Emperor Bao Dai as an alternative to Ho's DRV, the United States decided to support the French position. The American conception of Vietnam as a cold war battleground largely ignored the struggle for socia l justice and national sovereignty occurring within the country. American attention focused primarily on Europe and on Asia beyond Vietnam. Aid to France in Indochina was a quid pro quo for French cooperation with America's plans for the defense of Europe through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. After China became a communist state in 1949, the stability of Japan became of paramount importance to Washington, and Japanese development required access to the markets and raw materials of Southeast Asia. The outbreak of war in Korea in 1950 served primarily to confirm Washington's belief that communist aggression posed a great danger to Asia . Subsequent charges that Truman had "lost" China and had settled for a stalemate in Korea caused succeeding presidents to fear the domestic political consequences if they "lost" Vietnam. This apprehension, an overestimation of American power, and an underestimation of Vietnamese communist strength locked all administrations from 1950 through the 1960s into a firm anticommunist stand in Vietnam. Because American policy makers failed to appreciate the amount of effort that would be required to exert influence on Vietnam's political and social structure, the course of American policy led to a steady escalation of U.S. involvement. President Dwight D. Eisenhower increased the level of aide to the French but continued to avoid military intervention, even when the French experienced a devastating defeat at Dien Bien Phu in the spring of 1954. Following that battle, an international conference at Geneva, Switzerland, arranged a cease-fire and provided for a North-South partition of Vietnam until elections could be held. The United States was not a party to the Geneva Agreements and began to foster the creation of a Vietnamese regime in South Vietnam's autocratic president Ngo Dinh Diem, who deposed Bao Dai in October 1955, resisted holding an election on the reunification of Vietnam. Despite over