Energy Balance in Relationship to Nutritional Health - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1900 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Nutrition Essay Did you like this example? May 22, 2018 DRI Recommendations in comparison to Energy Intake Intake Status kcal 2082 UNDER Carbohydrates (g) 124 UNDER Fats (% of kcal) 62 OVER Proteins (g) 114 OK Table 5: May 23, 2018 DRI Recommendations in comparison to Energy Intake Intake Status kcal 1784 UNDER Carbohydrates (g) 119 UNDER Fats (% of kcal) 61 OVER Proteins (g) 103 OK Table 6: May 23, 2018 DRI Recommendations in comparison to Energy Intake Intake Status kcal 1884 UNDER Carbohydrates (g) 119 UNDER Fats (% of kcal) 61 OVER Proteins (g) 103 OK Table 7: DRI Recommendations in comparison to Average Energy Intake (May 22- May 24, 2018) Intake Status kcal 1917 UNDER Carbohydrates (g) 121 UNDER Fats (% of kcal) 61 OVER Proteins (g) 104 OK Energy Expenditure In table 8 you can see the data from my energy expended over the course of three days. As you can see in table 8 the results had significant variation. You can see a similarity between days 2 and 3 due to the low intensity exercise completed on those days. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Energy Balance in Relationship to Nutritional Health" essay for you Create order Although on day 1 there is a significant increase in the energy expenditure due to the increased time and intensity of exercise completed. Total Energy Expenditure (kcals) by Date of Data Collection Date of Collection Energy Expenditure (kcal) Difference between day (kcal) May 22, 2018 3532 May 23, 2018 2800 Decrease by 732 May 24, 2018 2454 Decrease by 346 Throughout the three consecutive days of data recorded and compared, the energy expenditure greatly exceeded the dietary intake on day 1, moderately exceeded on day 3, and minimally exceeded on day 2. There is a visualization of the overall trend between intake and expenditure over the course of the three day collection period located in figure 4. Overall I consumed an average of 1917 kcals and expended an average of 2928.6 kcals, so on average I exceeded my dietary intake with energy expenditure by 1011.66 kcals. Discussion As I was looking at my daily averages in my dietary intake and energy expenditure over the consecutive three days of data collection, my hypothesis was proven to be correct. In my hypothesis I had predicted that I would have a negative energy balance, and because my dietary intake was less than my energy expenditure it resulted in a negative energy balance and proved my hypothesis to be correct. I wasn’t surprised by my results because I plan my meals and my exercise requirements from my doctor are very precise. Throughout this period of time I was meticulous with my meal preparation and completing every task with accuracy because I want to heal from my recent sickness and feel better. I was recently taken off of a steroid called prednisone which caused me to get sick in the first place, and that made me extremely hungry all of the time, so now that I am off of that medication and am back on my ADHD medication and am taking the proper supplements, my cravings have subsided and given me the ability to have more self control and precision within my dietary intake. The data from the three consecutive days only varies within the exercise because of my limited food options and meal preparation required to meet my dietary restrictions and requirements. Although depending on the level of movement planned for the day I increased or decreased my planned amount of food to be consumed. This is a good representation of my recent lifestyle and the lifestyle I will maintain over the next three months or u ntil otherwise specified by my doctor. It was difficult initially to abstain from eating out with my friends, but due to my dietary limitations it is a requirement, so when we would go out I would either bring my tupperware of food or just drink ice water, this reduced my calories substantially when I first started this diet. It was difficult to plan and prepare my meals during a time when I can barely attend my classes and am trying to catch up in school, as well as navigating the die off symptoms that occur with this diet. On May 22nd I expanded significantly more energy than on the other days recorded because of the jogging I completed. The other two days were supposed to be easy forms of movement which were yoga, hiking, strength training, and biking. Those activities are not as hard on the body and expend less energy. On this diet plan it is imperative that I do not work my body too hard due to the massive amount of dietary restriction that has been implemented. My intake values were consistently either over or under the recommended DRI values because of the unique diet I am on restricting the amount of carbohydrates consumed and increasing the amount of fat and protein consumed. I was also consistently below the DRI recommendations for daily kcals. This information tells me that I should be eating m ore food per day and more nutrient dense food that provide higher amounts of kcals. It also tells me that I should reduce my fat intake and increase my carbohydrate intake. This poses a conflict to my doctors recommendations, although these are good for the majority of people with my attributes, the recommendations are inherently flawed because they do not account food allergies or dietary restrictions. I was not surprised about the lack of carbohydrate intake throughout the three days because on the specific diet I am on, it is requested that I do not consume traditional carbohydrate filled foods such as fruits and most grains, and if I do they need to be on the specified list given by my doctor. This series of data collection helped me analyze my consumption and recognize the amount of fat within meat proteins and the amount of carbohydrates within foods that we often do not assume to be carbohydrate filled. I am a college student on a budget, so abiding by a strict diet while sticking to a strict budget presents a challenge. But I overcame this challenge through strategic meal planning and changing the spices on similar dishes with the same ingredien ts in order to obtain some variability in the food that I am consuming. I realized that it is hard to consume the amount of calories recommended by the DRI while abiding by a strict diet such as the one I am partaking in. The candida diet usually results in major weight loss which I have found, but through this activity I have found that when I track the calories closely I can adjust my energy expenditure and intake to slow the weight loss because it is all about calories in versus calories out. Throughout my process collecting data, I initially used the notes application within my iPhone for the purpose of collecting specifics and the times in which I consumed each food. Then I implemented the data into the myfitnesspal application which I have been using since I was a junior in high school when I trained with a personal trainer in pursuit of competing in a bodybuilding competition. This app is incredibly helpful when tracking your food and exercise because it has an expansive database with majority of food types and brands, as well as a label scanning option where you can scan any packaged food you have. You can also enter your own food item if you cannot find it in their database. This application provided me with knowledge and ease when measuring and calculating my micro and macro nutrients to make sure I am meeting all of my doctors requirements. Although this application provided a vast amount of information and was easy to use, when I came to inputting my data into the USDA SuperTracker, I found some difficulty because of their limited options. This provided me the opportunity to add my own information into their database using the data from MyFitnessPal in order to reach the level of precision I was looking for in my data analysis. I thought it was important to enter the data, although it was an extra step, if I would have just picked the closest alternative it would have squed my ending data. There are a variety of databases connected to the SuperTracker that provide ease to the user when comparing their personal intakes and expenditures with the DRI recommendations, but the lack of variety and minimal alternative food options it creates either an extra step for the user or if the user chooses to estimate what the closest type of food and amount would be, it changes their data and results in inaccurate results. The data I recorded from the three consecutive days of intake and expenditure were relatively consistent other than the expenditure and overall calories, but are a quality representation of what a typical week woul d look like for me. In an effort to follow the guidelines of my doctor and save money buying food, I usually buy in bulk and then freeze what I do not use while preparing my meals. The meal preparation and consumption of similar foods given my limited options and budget provided a lot of consistency in my diet, versus the diet I had prior to my diagnosis. This reduced my consumption in kcals and the importance of movement and precise recording of my intake and expenditure has substantially changed my habits and required a lot of planning. Planning my meals and days around exercise and timely food consumption has increased my kcal expenditure as well because I am making my health a priority. Although my intake and expenditure data prior to this lifestyle change are not recorded, my kcal expenditure has significantly gone up. There was some difference in energy expenditure due to the distance between classes per day as well as the required exercise and level of intensity of the specific exercise. On May 22nd I showed an increased energy expenditure because it was my heavy cardio day and I had the longest distance to walk to class. I also went on a walk with my fr iend and her dog because it was a nice day, so that added to my kcal expenditure. Conclusion Concluding my analysis, my hypothesis was that I would be at a negative energy balance, and that was supported through my three day data collection and analysis. I expected that my dietary intake would be lower than my energy expenditure which would result in an negative energy balance which was accurate because of my precise recommendations given by my doctor. My results were relatively consistent regarding my dietary intake besides the increase and decrease in calorie intake, the composition of overall calorie intake regarding macronutrients were relatively similar. Although, my energy expenditure varied depending on the day due to workout differentiation and the distance walked between classes. I found that there are various flaws within USDA’s Supertracker and many features I think would be a great addition to the program. First, they could partner with Nike and MyFitnessPal to braden their ability and food database because it was difficult to find certain foods. It would grow the amount of users and give them a broader, deeper look at their food intake and expenditure and how their bodies respond to that regarding their energy intake and expenditures and nutritional composition. References: Boose, K. (2018). Lecture 2. Anth. 220, Nutritional Anthropology. University of Oregon. USDA. (2016). SuperTracker. Retrieved from https://supertracker.usda.gov/default.aspx A way out of the junk-food eating cycle. (2017, January 27). Retrieved from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/01/170127112939.htm Hyman, M. M. (2017, February 08). Food As Medicine, The Blood Type Diet And The Ketogenic Diet. Retrieved from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/food-as-medicine-the-blood-type-diet-and-the-ketogenic_us_5899ddede4b02bbb1816bfd3

Critically Evaluate the Claim That “the Ordering of...

Critically evaluate the claim that â€Å"the ordering of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is accurate†. Refer to relevant theoretical and empirical evidence to support your argument. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is one of the most important theoretical systems in humanistic psychology. However, the ordering of this system is not accurate and this is evidenced by various criticisms of Maslow’s conception of ‘self-actualisation.’ Individuals do not need to satisfy the lower needs in order to reach self-actualisation, they do not need to conform to Maslow’s idea of self-actualisation, nor do they have to reach it in order to live happy and fulfilled lives. The needs that motivate behaviour cannot be reduced in such a simplistic theoretical system.†¦show more content†¦This criticism however is refuted by Brennecke and Amick (1975) in Whitson and Olczak (1991) by pointing out that those who have reached self-actualisation have realised a responsibility to participate in the everyday social world and to be oriented to its problems (p 80). Another notable criticism of self-actualisation is suggested by Schur (1976) in Whitson and Olczak (1991) in which Schur argues that Maslow’s idea of self-actualisation being the ideal level to reach for everybody may put a lot of pressure on individuals and it may make them feel insecure rather than guide them towards self-actualisation. For example, if the media conveyed to an individual that their very reason of living was to reach a certain stage and that individual feels they haven’t reached that stage yet they may become neurotic and insecure, in which Thorne (1975) in Whitson and Olczak (1991) termed ‘actualisation neurosis.’ However, Whitson and Olczak (1991) denounce this criticism by suggesting that the possibility of a neurotic reaction in an individual would be more attributed to their own sense of failure than theShow MoreRelatedLearning from the Fashion Industry: a Structured Literature Review39302 Words   |  158 Pagesmy supervisor, Dr. Ch ris Morgan, for his guidance and support. His willingness to discuss and advise benefited the completion of this study. I would also like to thank the members of the advisory group who contributed to this study. Especially, I would like to express my appreciation to Mr Sanaul Mallick, for his availability and contribution. I would also like to thank my friends at Cranfield University and in Greece for their support during this demanding year. Last but not least I wouldRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pageswritten request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, StephenRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic Marketing Management Dedication This book is dedicated to the authors’ wives – Gillian and Rosie – and to Ben Gilligan for their support while it was being written. Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Janice Nunn for all the effort that she put in to the preparation of the manuscript. Strategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. Wilson Emeritus Professor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University

My Criminal Behavior Survey Free Essays

1. If research were to significantly indicate that the tendency to commit crime is inherited, what should be done about or for the children of violent criminals? If research were to indicate the tendency to commit crime is inherited it would change our government significantly. A huge upheaval regarding rights of the citizens would take place. We will write a custom essay sample on My Criminal Behavior Survey or any similar topic only for you Order Now In foreign countries (population control) would be the only answer to control tendency from literally controlling the population. Children of violent criminals should be placed with family members whenever possible. Children may also need some type of therapy. Programs should be set up to monitor these children. Over the past century it has been cropped that the debate of nature verses nurture is an issue. 2. What programs should society implement and why? Programs should be implemented for our children’s needs. Children may need help from psychiatry and a social worker to help them with their problems. Our children’s needs should be kept in mind at all times to teach them good things in life. Children should be educated on how to live a better life, a crime free life. Programs to promote sports and self-confidence for children teach them how to have a better life. Our children deserve a good life. 3. What would be the social, policy, and ethical implications? Social and policy implications would be the guidelines, activities and principles that affect the living conditions of human welfare. They deal with the social issues within the public. Ethical implications would be the mortality that is implied by social issues and the policies. The ethical implications may be that children may follow in their parent’s footsteps. References www. google. com www. chacha. com www. weegy. com How to cite My Criminal Behavior Survey, Essay examples

Urinary Tract Infections in Older Persons- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theUrinary Tract Infections in Older Persons. Answer: Urinary Tract Infections in Older Persons Urinary tract infections (UTI) occur when bacteria attack the urinary tract via the urethra and they begin multiplying in the bladder. Urinary tract infections commonly affect women affecting the bladder and the urethra (Bardsley, 2017). This is because in women, the urethra is usually shorter therefore, shortening the distance traveled by bacteria to reach the bladder. There are several other risk factors that contribute to the development of urinary tract infections. These according to Beveridge et al (2011) include sexual activity; women who are sexually active have increased chances of having UTIs, some types of birth controls; the use of diaphragms and spermicidal agents puts a woman at a higher risk, menopause; circulating estrogen declines after menopause which results in changes in the urinary tract thus putting the women at a higher risk of being infected. There are different types of urinary tract infections in accordance with the particular parts that get affected. One of them is acute pyelonephritis that affects the kidney. The symptoms include pain on the upper back and on the side, nausea and vomiting. Another type of Urinary Tract Infection is cystitis that affects the bladder (Bardsley, 2017). The symptoms include pelvic pressure, blood in urine, frequent painful urination and lower abdomen discomfort. Finally, there is urethritis which affects the urethra. Its symptoms are burning sensation during urination and discharge. When urinary tract infections are not treated early enough, various complications may arise like recurrent infections, urethral narrowing where there is recurrent urethritis especially in men, permanent kidney damage, delivery of premature infants or of low birth weight in pregnant women and sepsis (Beveridge et al, 2011). Urinary tract infections in older persons may present hard to find out because they do not show the common signs and symptoms. This can be attributed to their slower immune system. Some of the non-classical symptoms of urinary tract infections in older adults include incontinence, agitation, falls, decreased mobility, urinary retention, lethargy and decreased appetite (Bardsley, 2017). Other severe symptoms could be vomiting, flushed skin, back pain, fever and nausea when the infection spreads into the kidney. There are certain conditions and factors that put the older persons at risk of UTIs. Conditions common in older persons like diabetes, Parkinsons disease and Alzheimers disease may lead to neurogenic bladder which increases the risk of urinary tract infections (Beveridge et al, 2011). Dementia, use of a catheter, history of UTIs, bowel incontinence, prolapsed bladder and bladder incontinence are also risk factors for UTIs in older persons. Confusion and Behavior Change As one gets older, changes take place in the immune system causing it to respond to the infection differently. Older persons may have increased signs of agitation, withdrawal and confusion (Ninan, 2013). Behavior changes can be caused by Urinary Tract Infections in persons with Alzheimers disease. These distressing changes in behavior are known as delirium and can range from restlessness and agitation to hallucinations. Delirium is a mental dysfunction that manifests with neuropsychiatric abnormalities than can occur within hours or days (Davidson et al, 2013). It is marked by decreased awareness and attention. Some symptoms include disorientation, illusions, clouded consciousness, hallucinations, dysphasia, tremor and motor abnormalities. Delirium that presents with increased motor movement is referred to as hyperactive delirium while the one that presents with low motor movement referred to as hypoactive delirium (Huh, 2016). Older persons more often experience hypoactive delirium. Sometimes Urinary Tract Infections also can increase the progression of dementia. Dementia is referred to as severe reduced mental ability thus interfering with ones daily life (Nicolle, 2013). Some of the symptoms may include difficulty in thinking and language, problem solving, memory loss and reduced ability to do everyday activities. It is progressive as damage of the brain cells continue. Safety and Communication Implications Delirium can increase the risk dementia and cognitive decline in older persons. Possible complications arise from these two conditions that affect the normal behavior of the older persons ((Huh, 2016). They may lose the ability to function or take care of themselves. They also lose the ability to interact well in their environment. Acquiring infections from the hospital is likely to occur as the patient stays longer in the hospital or in the nursing homes. The medications used may also present some side effects when treating the disorder (Bardsley, 2017). Since their perception is affected, they may become agitated, fearful, have combative behavior and could start wandering. Confusion and behavior change brought about by Urinary Tract Infections makes the patient vulnerable. Their safety is compromised due to impaired judgment and confusion (Ninan, 2013). When left alone, they can wander and get lost or have an accident. They are unable to take care of themselves like properly maintain their hygiene. This makes them vulnerable to other infections and diseases like water-borne diseases (Nicolle, 2016). Some become dysfunctional and cannot cook or look for proper food and can lead to malnutrition. The patients may also compromise the safety of the people close to them or their family members especially in an attempt to restrain the patient and he/she becomes violent. Communication is also implicated. When confusion and behavior change arises, communication becomes a challenge especially with the family members when they are not aware of the presentation of the illness and how to communicate during such conditions (Nicolle, 2016). The patient will not be aware of his/her condition and as a result cannot explain what is going on with him/her. During diagnosis, communication may also pose as a challenge and hindrance. Delirium always compromises the ability of the patient to communicate their symptoms (Huh, 2016). Difficulty in communication results from cognitive changes that affect the patients perception and attention or consciousness which are the main symptoms of delirium. This therefore, requires specialist intervention in order to understand the condition of the patient. Diagnosis of UTIs in Older Persons Diagnosis of UTIs can easily be done through urinalysis and a urine culture can be done to determine the causative bacteria in order to prescribe the best antibiotic. Ultrasound examination, X-rays, and CAT scan can also be used in diagnosis (Nicolle, 2016). Symptoms of confusion can pose a challenge in diagnosis of older persons. Confusion and behavior change is a sign enough to diagnose Urinary Tract Infections as they are symptoms that may develop in older persons with the infections. Further diagnosis can be done by a psychiatrist in order to manage the mental disorders like delirium and dementia that may arise in older persons upon infections of the urinary tract (Nicolle, 2013). Mental status assessment and neurological examinations will be necessary in the diagnosis of the mental disorders. Treatment and Management of UTIs in older Persons Antibiotics are the recommended treatment of UTIs in both old and young people. Some of these antibiotics include amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. They are prescribed according to the severity of the infection (Huh, 2016). When UTIs lead to confusion and behavior changes in older persons, it is important to manage these mental disorders. This includes pharmacological management supportive therapy. The patient may be required to stay in hospital for close monitoring. They should be allowed to sleep between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. undisturbed so that they maintain a normal sleep cycle (Nicolle, 2016). Techniques like reorientation or memory cues like family photos maybe are helpful. Keeping the patient a stable, well- lit and quiet environment reduces the risk of delirium by 53%. It is encouraged that the patient gets support from the family and familiar nurses (Davidson et al, 2013). Focus on the usefulness of interventions like daily interventions, physical or occupational the rapy and avoidance of sensorial deprivation significantly reduces the development of delirium in older persons. Care givers should avoid physical restraints as these patients may become violent and pull out intravenous fluids or climb out of the bed reducing compliance to medication. To manage the behavioral changes, there should be psychiatric consultations (Beveridge et al, 2011). Preventing all the UTIs is impossible but measures can be taken to reduce the chances of being infected. It is recommended that one drinks plenty of water; at least 8 glasses of water a day, avoiding bladder irritants, urinating as soon as the urge comes; approximately every two to three hours and keeping proper hygiene of the genitalia (Osamwonyi Foley, 2017). Older adults who are unable to take care of themselves and could be immobile are advised to stay in nursing home with proper care to help prevent UTIs. Conclusion In conclusion, older persons are vulnerable and prone to various infections and conditions that put them at a higher risk of being infected with Urinary Tract Infections. This is due to changes in their immune system which responds slowly. Mental disorders of confusion and behavior change arising from UTIs can be reversed as they are not permanent. This is through treating the underlying cause which is the urinary tract infections and also supportive therapy to manage the developed delirium and possibly dementia. UTIs cannot be prevented but chances of contracting it can be reduced greatly. References Bardsley, A. (2017). Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of urinary tract infections in older people.Nursing Older People,29(2), 32-38. Beveridge, L., Beveridge, L., Davey, P., Phillips, G. (2011). Optimal management of urinary tract infections in older people.Clinical Interventions In Aging, 173. Davidson, E., Zimmermann, B., Jungfer, E., Chrubasik-Hausmann, S. (2013). Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections with Vaccinium Products.Phytotherapy Research,28(3), 465-470. Huh, J. (2016). The Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections in Institutionalized vs. Noninstitutionalized Elderly Persons.Urogenital Tract Infection,11(2), 56. Mody, L., Juthani-Mehta, M. (2014). Urinary Tract Infections in Older Women.JAMA,311(8), 874. Nelson, J., Good, E. (2015). Urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria in older adults.The Nurse Practitioner,40(8), 43-48. Nicolle, L. (2008). Urinary tract infections in older people.Reviews In Clinical Gerontology,18(02), 103. Nicolle, L. (2013). Issues in the Diagnosis and Management of Urinary Tract Infections in the Older Adult.Current Translational Geriatrics And Experimental Gerontology Reports,2(3), 136-142. Nicolle, L. (2016). Urinary Tract Infections in the Older Adult.Clinics In Geriatric Medicine,32(3), 523-538. Ninan, S. (2013). Don't assume urinary tract infection is the cause of delirium in older adults.BMJ,346(may15 1), f3005-f3005. Osamwonyi, B., Foley, C. (2017). Management of recurrent urinary tract infections in adults.Surgery (Oxford),35(6), 299-305. Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in Adults. (2016).Critical Care Nurse,36(4), e9-e11.